Nature based solutions in soil restoration for improving agricultural productivity
Kancheti Mrunalini, Biswaranjan Behera, Somasundaram Jayaraman, Purushothaman Abhilash, Pradeep Dubey, G. Narayanaswamy, J.V.N.S Prasad, Kv Rao, Pandian Krishnan, Pratibha Gudapaty, Srinivasrao Ch
ABSTRACT:
Soil is a living and dynamic body, which is prone to degradation under conventional agricultural practices. Healthy soil is one of the most important pillars of sustainability as it delivers several ecosystem services along with its control on microbial activity, nutrient recycling, and decomposition. Nature-based solutions can play an important role in restoring soil quality for enhanced agricultural productivity and sustainability. This paper discusses various nature-based options available for improving soil quality. Indigenous practices like sheep penning, tank silt application, green manuring, refuse from croplands and households have the potential to restore and maintain soil fertility. The biofertilizers can add nutrient (N fixers), fixes up to 300 Kg N/ha through BNF and facilitate (nutrient solubilizer and mobilizers) nutrient availability in the soil. Biochar, a recently highlighted product, can increase soil moisture availability by 8-10% and aids in mitigating climate change through C-sequestration with a climate change mitigation potential of biochar is 1.8 Pg CO2-C equivalent per year. When added to the soil, it not only acts as a nutrient source; but also acts as a soil amendment. Biogas slurry, the effluent from biogas reactor, contains various nutrient elements that can enrich soil fertility. The holistic approach of the farming system through integration of different enterprises reduces dependence on off-farm resources. Soil management through nature-based options will maintain crop productivity and sustainability in long run without any adverse effects on the environment.
